​Mongolian eagle hunting, rooted in the steppes of Central Asia, epitomizes the enduring bond between humans and nature. Originating over a millennium ago among the Kazakhs, this practice involves training golden eagles for hunting, reflecting a deep cultural reverence for nature's prowess. Beyond sustenance, eagle hunting, or "berkutchi," symbolizes the heritage of Mongolia’s Kazakh minority, bridging ancient traditions with modern fascination. As this art captivates global audiences, it highlights the importance of cultural preservation in a rapidly evolving world. Let’s travel to Mongolia with Asia Online Tours to explore this World Heritage in the vast Mongolian steppe.

Adventure in Mongolia – Unveiling Mongolia Eagle Hunters

What is Eagle Hunting?

In the vast, windswept landscapes of Mongolia, the ancient tradition of eagle hunting endures as a vivid symbol of cultural heritage. Developed by the nomadic Kazakhs over millennia, this practice involves training golden eagles, formidable birds of prey, to assist in hunting. More than a survival tactic, eagle hunting is a deep-seated expression of the Kazakh identity and a dynamic interaction with nature.

Jenisbek Tserik, Mongolia’s Most Eligible Eagle Hunter - © CNN

Known as "berkutchi," this technique not only provides sustenance but also strengthens communal bonds and perpetuates ancestral wisdom. It stands at the intersection of tradition and modernity, highlighting the Mongolian commitment to ecological stewardship and cultural preservation.

Today, amidst challenges of globalization and changing lifestyles, eagle hunting remains a poignant testament to the resilience of traditional practices.

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1. Taming the Golden Eagles

The golden eagles of Mongolia are not just birds; they are central figures in the art of Mongolian eagle hunting. These raptors, known for their formidable size and powerful build, are ideally suited to the harsh climates and rugged terrain of the Mongolian landscape. With wingspans that can reach over two meters, golden eagles possess a keen sight and immense strength, traits that make them perfect hunting partners.

Mongolia Eagle Hunter - © CNN

Eagle hunters capture and train these birds at a young age, typically females, as they are larger and more aggressive than males. The bond between hunter and eagle is cultivated through years of close interaction, training, and mutual dependence. This relationship is built on respect and trust, essential for the demanding nature of their cooperative hunts.

Golden eagles are trained to hunt foxes, hares, and even wolves, playing a crucial role in the subsistence of nomadic communities. Their ability to spot prey from great distances and their swift, powerful dives are pivotal in the success of these hunts. Beyond their practical utility, these eagles symbolize strength and independence, resonating deeply with Mongolian cultural values and identity.

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2. Become the Eagle Hunter

The eagle hunter, or "berkutchi," is a revered figure in Mongolian culture, embodying skills and traditions that have been passed down through generations. Typically, from the Kazakh ethnic group, these hunters are masters of an ancient craft that demands not only deep knowledge of eagle behavior but also profound survival skills that harmonize with the rugged terrain of Mongolia.

Teenage Eagle Hunter In Mongolia - © National Geographic

A berkutchi's journey begins in youth, learning from elders to capture and train a golden eagle, a process that forms a lifelong bond. This relationship is pivotal, as the success of their hunting depends on mutual trust and understanding between the eagle and the hunter. The training is rigorous and disciplined, aimed at enhancing the natural hunting abilities of the eagle while ensuring it remains responsive to human commands.

The role of the eagle hunter extends beyond hunting. They are custodians of an age-old tradition that is integral to their cultural identity and heritage. In contemporary times, they also emerge as ambassadors of Mongolian customs, showcasing their skills in festivals and competitions that draw international attention.

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Eagle Hunting Festival in Mongolia

The Golden Eagle Festival, held annually in the Mongolian province of Bayan-Ölgii, is a vibrant showcase of the ancient practice of eagle hunting. This event, typically occurring in October, gathers eagle hunters and their golden eagles from across Mongolia to compete in tests of skill, speed, and accuracy.

Old Eagle Hunter In Mongolia - © Gather

At the heart of the festival are the competitions where eagles, responding to their hunters' calls, swoop down from the mountains at high speeds to strike targets. These challenges not only demonstrate the prowess of the eagles but also the deep connection between the bird and its trainer. The festival also features horse racing, archery, and traditional Kazakh games, creating a comprehensive cultural experience.

The Golden Eagle Festival serves multiple purposes: it reinforces cultural bonds among the Kazakh people, preserves the tradition of eagle hunting, and educates both locals and tourists about this unique aspect of Mongolian heritage.

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Furthermore, it has become a significant draw for international tourists, enhancing local economies and promoting global awareness of Mongolia’s cultural and ecological conservation efforts.

Eagle Hunter with His Eagle - © BBC

This festival is not merely a local event but a global interface, where tradition meets tourism and cultural practices are shared across borders, promoting understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity and traditional skills.

Cultural Significance to Mongolian Ethnic Community

Eagle hunting in Mongolia transcends the mere act of hunting for the Kazakh people in Mongolia or a thrilling experience trip for tourists; it is a profound cultural emblem. Rooted in the nomadic traditions of the Kazakh people, this practice symbolizes the harmony between humans and nature, underscoring the skills, respect, and spirituality that define Mongolian nomadic culture.

This tradition serves as a rite of passage for many young Kazakhs, teaching them patience, precision, and responsibility—qualities esteemed in their community. The training of an eagle, passed down from generation to generation, encapsulates the preservation of folklore and ancestral wisdom. It is a living history, celebrated in stories, songs, and regional festivals that draw communities together, strengthening their cultural identity.

A Group of Eagle Hunters in Mongolia - © Gather

Moreover, eagle hunting has fostered a unique form of stewardship over the natural environment. The berkutchi’s intimate knowledge of the land and wildlife promotes a sustainable interaction with their ecosystem, which is vital in today’s global dialogue on environmental conservation.

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Internationally, the allure of this ancient practice has made it a symbol of Mongolian culture globally, enhancing cultural tourism and providing a window into the rich tapestry of Mongolia's heritage. Thus, eagle hunting is not only significant within Mongolia but also serves as a cultural bridge, connecting Mongolia with the wider world through shared values of heritage and conservation. 

Eagle Hunter Feeding His Golden Eagle - © Washington Post

Fun Facts About Golden Eagles and Eagle Hunting

- Female eagles, larger and bolder than males

- Eagles possess remarkable speed, keen eyesight, and strong, sharp talons

- Typically, these raptors hunt mammals but can also capture larger prey when needed

- The Golden Eagle is North America's biggest bird of prey

- When hunting, a golden eagle can swoop down on its prey at speeds of up to 200 miles per hour

- Golden Eagle’s talons exert a force comparable to a bullet

- Golden Eagles mate at age four and remain with their partners for life

- Eagle hunters typically release their eagles back into the wild after six to seven years to maintain a balanced eagle population

- During training, eagles learn to associate the sound of horse hooves with hunting opportunities

- Today, only the Kazakh people in Western Mongolia continue the tradition of hunting with horses and eagles

Conclusion

This traditional sport, although recognized around the world, is challenged by modernization, urbanization, and societal changes, is declining. Yet, a dedicated community works to preserve this ancient tradition. The partnership between eagle and hunter showcases a deep harmony between humans and nature. Eagles bring sharp eyesight, swift speed, and lethal talons, while hunters contribute their understanding of the terrain, wind, and prey. Together, they achieve not just successful hunts but also exemplify nature's interdependent relationships.

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